What are the different types of research gaps in the literature review?

 Understanding Research Gaps in Literature Reviews 

The purpose of a literature review extends beyond examining past research; it also involves identifying gaps in the existing literature. According to Robinson et al., a research gap arises "when the capability of the reviewer to draw conclusions from existing studies is limited." These gaps form the starting point for conducting further research. 

While identifying a research gap can be seen as an "output" of a literature review, it also serves as an "input" that motivates further research (Bloch, 2015). 

Types of Research Gaps 

Research gaps can arise due to contradictory findings, changing trends, or unanswered questions. Classifying these gaps facilitates understanding and further research: 

6. Theoretical Gap: This gap occurs when existing theories and models in a field have not been effectively addressed. It can be identified through a literature review that examines inconsistencies, limitations, and gaps in the research. For example, in economics and finance, a theoretical gap may exist in understanding the factors that lead to financial bubbles. 

7. Empirical Gap: An empirical gap refers to missing or undiscovered components of a phenomenon that empirical research can address. For instance, Goh and Lee (2020) found a lack of research on the role of social media influencers in shaping consumer behavior, highlighting an empirical gap. 

8. Methodological Gap: This gap involves deficiencies in the research procedures and techniques used in previous studies, affecting the precision and reliability of findings. In finance, a methodological gap may occur due to limited data availability, impairing the ability to conduct further research. 

9. Practical Gap: A practical gap arises when there is a discrepancy between theory and practice. For example, financial education programs' accessibility and utilization highlight a practical gap, as financial literacy varies across populations. 

10. Conceptual Gap: Conceptual gaps occur due to inconsistencies or ambiguities in a concept’s definition, interpretation, or application. For example, there is a conceptual gap in frameworks recognizing the role of managing stakeholders for long-term financial performance and sustainable growth. 

11. Knowledge Gap: This gap is the difference between what is known and what needs to be known about a specific topic. For example, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of emerging financial technologies on traditional banking systems, highlighting the need for research on cybersecurity risks and management strategies (Kavuri, 2019). 

Conclusion 

A research gap occurs when a researcher cannot draw conclusions from existing literature. Identifying these gaps is crucial for literature reviews, as they lead to further research and knowledge advancement. Types of research gaps include theoretical, empirical, methodological, practical, conceptual, and knowledge gaps. Addressing these gaps significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge. 

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